WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:04.000 Word forms and endings in English 00:08.000 --> 00:12.000 This video is brought to you by the following English learning websites 00:15.000 --> 00:20.000 In this video we'll talk about how word forms can be recognized by their endings 00:20.000 --> 00:30.000 How suffixes, endings, can change a word's part of speech How suffixes can affect a word's spelling and pronunciation 00:30.000 --> 00:41.000 Parts of speech include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. Let's start with the verb endings 00:41.000 --> 00:46.000 As you know, there are many verb endings that don't change the verb to another part of speech 00:46.000 --> 00:53.000 These are dealt with in our other videos See links in the description below this video 00:53.000 --> 01:04.000 For example, ending, function, examples See our other videos below Ending, S or ES 01:04.000 --> 01:14.000 The function is third person singular Examples, each, works, goes, tries 01:14.000 --> 01:20.000 We have a video which deals with that S endings in English 01:21.000 --> 01:32.000 Indicates progressive tenses Eating, running, working, hoping We have another video which deals with that 01:32.000 --> 01:42.000 Verb endings in English Indicates regular, past and past participles 01:43.000 --> 01:53.000 Worked, played, planned, cried Our other video, Final ED Endings in English, deals with that 01:53.000 --> 02:08.000 Irregular verb endings Indicate irregular past and past participles For example, eaten, found, told, brought 02:08.000 --> 02:15.000 And sometimes we even change the word, like went We have another video that deals with that 02:15.000 --> 02:25.000 Irregular verbs, finally explained How can we recognize English verbs by their endings 02:25.000 --> 02:36.000 Here are some examples of words with verb endings When you see the verb ending, you can sometimes know that it indicates a verb 02:36.000 --> 02:46.000 ISE or IGE Advertise, advise, criticize, organize 02:46.000 --> 02:55.000 What's the difference between these two spellings? Generally, in British English, they use ISE endings 02:55.000 --> 03:02.000 And for some of these verbs, in American English, we use the IGE ending 03:03.000 --> 03:13.000 ATE, communicate, relate IFY, verify, clarify, specify 03:13.000 --> 03:23.000 EN, soften, strengthen And then we have the other verb endings that don't change the part of speech 03:23.000 --> 03:34.000 S and ES, eats, goes The word remains a verb ING, cleaning, doing 03:34.000 --> 03:41.000 These are in a different color because they also indicate a noun or an adjective 03:41.000 --> 03:52.000 ED, in the past and past participle Talked, played These can also indicate an adjective 03:53.000 --> 04:06.000 Notice the pronunciation and stress patterns for these verbs Ending, examples, two syllables, more than two syllables 04:06.000 --> 04:16.000 For ISE, IGE and YGE, which is another variation of this 04:17.000 --> 04:33.000 We have words like advertise, advise, criticize, organize, analyze When there are two syllables in the verb, the second syllable is emphasized or stressed 04:33.000 --> 04:44.000 For example, advise, arise, revise If there are more than two syllables, the first syllable of the word is emphasized 04:45.000 --> 04:56.000 Advertise, televise Organize, synthesize, capitalize, realize 04:56.000 --> 05:06.000 For ATE, communicate, relate If there are two syllables, the second syllable is stressed 05:06.000 --> 05:20.000 Relate, debate, create, berate For more than two syllables, the third syllable from the end is emphasized 05:20.000 --> 05:31.000 Designate, celebrate Notice these are three-syllable words, so the third syllable from the end is the first syllable of the word 05:31.000 --> 05:43.000 For the next two, communicate, procrastinate These are four-syllable words, so the third syllable from the end is actually the second syllable of the word 05:43.000 --> 05:59.000 IFY, verify, clarify, specify For these, if there are more than two syllables, the syllable before the ending is stressed 06:00.000 --> 06:11.000 For example, verify, signify, declassify The end, soften or threaten 06:11.000 --> 06:18.000 In this case, if there are two syllables, the first syllable is emphasized 06:18.000 --> 06:28.000 Frighten, weaken For more than two syllables, the syllable right before the ending is stressed 06:28.000 --> 06:42.000 Unfasten, re-strengthen Note, when you add another ending to the verb, the stress does not change on the original verb 06:42.000 --> 06:54.000 For example, I revised my essay, revised, revised The stress does not change even though we add the past tense ending 06:54.000 --> 07:01.000 There is no new syllable in this example In the second example, we debated the topic 07:01.000 --> 07:11.000 Debate, debated, debating There is no stress change, but there is an extra syllable with the extra ending 07:11.000 --> 07:23.000 I celebrated my 21st birthday No stress change even though there is an extra syllable with the past tense ending 07:24.000 --> 07:32.000 Verb endings can be complicated in English Wait till you see the adjectives 07:32.000 --> 07:42.000 Adjective endings involve some changes in both spelling and pronunciation Word endings, adjectives 07:42.000 --> 07:53.000 Ending, examples OUS, IOUS Humorous, hilarious AL, IAL 07:53.000 --> 08:03.000 Mental, influential FUL, wonderful, beautiful LESS, careless, thoughtless 08:03.000 --> 08:15.000 IBE, creative, positive ISH, foolish, greenish IC, generic, specific 08:15.000 --> 08:25.000 ABLE and IBLE FLEXIBLE, available ARY, primary, voluntary 08:25.000 --> 08:38.000 Y, thrifty, glossy ING, interesting, amusing These are in blue because they also indicate verb endings 08:38.000 --> 08:47.000 But in this case they are adjectives ED, bored, embarrassed ENT and ANT 08:47.000 --> 08:54.000 These are in purple because they also indicate noun endings But in this case they are adjectives 08:54.000 --> 09:08.000 For example, distant, consistent Many adjectives and adjective endings indicate that the word comes from another part of speech 09:08.000 --> 09:18.000 For example SUCCESS plus FULL equals SUCCESSFUL NOUN plus FULL equals ADJECTIVE 09:18.000 --> 09:29.000 CREATE plus IBE equals CREATIVE VERB plus IBE equals ADJECTIVE Notice there are some spelling changes here 09:29.000 --> 09:39.000 GREEN plus ISH equals GREENISH ADJECTIVE plus ISH indicates another adjective 09:39.000 --> 09:51.000 Note the spelling changes Let's look at how that works Spelling changes 09:51.000 --> 10:04.000 Ending, examples Notable spelling changes FULL, WONDERFUL, BEAUTIFUL With WONDERFUL the original word does not change 10:04.000 --> 10:16.000 With BEAUTIFUL the noun BEAUTY ends with a Y We need to change the Y to I before adding the FUL ending 10:16.000 --> 10:28.000 CARELESS, THOUGHTLESS No change in the ending here PENNY ends in a Y 10:28.000 --> 10:34.000 The Y changes to an I before we add the LESS PENNYLESS 10:34.000 --> 10:47.000 OUS, IOUS HUMOROUS, VARIOUS Notice V-A-R-Y, VARIOUS changes to V-A-R-I-O-U-S 10:47.000 --> 10:51.000 There are some other changes with some words like this as well 10:51.000 --> 11:02.000 For example, CONTINUE ends in a silent E We drop the silent E before we add the ending CONTINUOUS 11:02.000 --> 11:08.000 FICTION is a kind of special one We add an extra syllable in the middle 11:08.000 --> 11:23.000 FICTION, FICTIOUS A-L, I-A-L MENTAL, INFLUENTIAL With INFLUENTIAL we start with INFLUENCE which ends in C-E 11:23.000 --> 11:31.000 and we change the C to a T and add I-A-L INFLUENTIAL 11:31.000 --> 11:41.000 Notice with this word there is also a stress change For example, INFLUENCE, the stress is on the first syllable 11:41.000 --> 11:55.000 INFLUENTIAL, the stress comes right before the ending CAUSE, CAUSAL Notice we're dropping the final E here to add the A-L ending 11:55.000 --> 12:04.000 CAUSE can be a verb or a noun CAUSAL is an adjective 12:04.000 --> 12:17.000 I-V-E, CREATIVE, NEGATIVE CREATE with the final E The silent E is dropped and I-V-E is added 12:17.000 --> 12:30.000 I-S-H, FOOLISH, GREENISH No change in the ending here But with words like RED and BLUE there's a change 12:30.000 --> 12:45.000 With RED you have a short vowel before a consonant In order to protect the short vowel you add an extra consonant 12:45.000 --> 12:57.000 So you double the D RED, REDDISH With BLUE there's a silent E which is dropped before we add the I-S-H 12:57.000 --> 13:07.000 BLUE, BLUISH I-C, GENERIC, SPECIFIC, SEEN Drop the final E 13:07.000 --> 13:25.000 SCENIC, ROMANTIC This is kind of like INFLUENCE Where the final C-E is changed to T before adding the I-C ending ROMANTIC 13:25.000 --> 13:34.000 We also have a shift in the stress pattern ROMANTIC, the first syllable is emphasized 13:34.000 --> 13:44.000 ROMANTIC, the second syllable is emphasized Y, THRIFTY, GROSSY, LAZY 13:44.000 --> 13:52.000 SPICE, again there's a silent E It's changed to Y Drop the E first 13:52.000 --> 14:02.000 FUN, we have a short vowel before a consonant Which means that we need to double the consonant before we add the Y 14:02.000 --> 14:16.000 FUN, FUNNY ING, INTERESTING, AMUSING Again these are BLUE to indicate that they also are verb endings 14:16.000 --> 14:31.000 BORE, drop the silent E BORING, AMUSE, drop the E, AMUSING BORED, EMBARRASSED, B-D, ENDING 14:32.000 --> 14:41.000 BORE, BORED In this case, instead of adding an E-D, we simply add a D 14:41.000 --> 14:56.000 Because there's already an E there SATISFY, drop the Y, change it to I and add E-D SATISFIED A-B-L-E 14:56.000 --> 15:12.000 AVAILABLE, RELIABLE Again, the word RELY ends in a Y So we're going to drop the I and add an I before the suffix A-B-L-E RELIABLE 15:12.000 --> 15:20.000 WIN, you have a short vowel sound before a single consonant So you're going to double the consonant 15:20.000 --> 15:31.000 WINNABLE before adding the ending I-B-L-E FLEXIBLE and CREDIBLE 15:31.000 --> 15:38.000 Now in this case, it seems like the whole word changes We have the word CREED 15:38.000 --> 15:44.000 When we change it into an adjective, we change the pronunciation and the spelling 15:44.000 --> 15:59.000 So instead of CREED, it becomes CREDIBLE So we drop one E and change the pronunciation from E to E and then add the I-B-L-E 15:59.000 --> 16:07.000 With EAT, there's a similar change We change the whole word EAT, EDIBLE 16:07.000 --> 16:13.000 With EAT, you have a long E sound You change that to a short E sound 16:13.000 --> 16:22.000 We change the P to a D and add I-B-L-E EAT, EDIBLE 16:22.000 --> 16:35.000 Next, A-R-Y PRIMARY, INVOLUNTARY With this one, there's some words that completely change 16:35.000 --> 16:50.000 For example, HEARD becomes PERCIARY The word itself changes almost completely Then we have JUDICIAL JUDICIARY 16:50.000 --> 16:57.000 We add I-A-R-Y Now, JUDICIARY can be a noun or an adjective 16:59.000 --> 17:10.000 E-N-T, A-N-T Again, these endings can sometimes be used as nouns That's why we put them in the purple color 17:10.000 --> 17:25.000 Some adjective examples would be DISTANT and CONSISTENT With DIFFERENT, the ending is added without changing anything in the verb or the word or the ending 17:25.000 --> 17:31.000 But with words like VALOR in order to make it into an adjective 17:31.000 --> 17:41.000 we have to add I-A-N-T, VALORANT How about ADVERBS 17:41.000 --> 17:48.000 Changing adjectives to adverbs can be tricky Because of that, we have created a separate video for you 17:48.000 --> 17:56.000 Please check out the link below this video Changing Adjectives to Adverbs 18:00.000 --> 18:09.000 Review Word Endings These are verbs and adjectives Take a minute to look at the chart below 18:09.000 --> 18:15.000 and see how these all fit together Try to remember what you just learned 18:32.000 --> 18:38.000 Are you ready for more endings? The biggest risk is the nouns 18:38.000 --> 18:42.000 There are so many of them that we'll divide them into two parts 18:44.000 --> 18:58.000 Word Endings, Nouns The first and second columns indicate word endings for nouns that are people or persons 18:58.000 --> 19:05.000 The third and fourth columns indicate nouns that are activities, fields, or qualities 19:05.000 --> 19:12.000 as well as examples of them Let's look at the first two columns to start with 19:28.000 --> 19:39.000 Volunteer, EUR Entrepreneur, EE Employee, Trustee IST, AST 19:39.000 --> 19:50.000 Artist, Gymnast MAN, WOMAN We can also change this to the plural 19:50.000 --> 20:26.000 M-E-N or W-O-M-E-N For example IAL or AL 20:26.000 --> 20:38.000 Official, Principal The ones in purple indicate adjectives and noun endings, both 20:38.000 --> 20:45.000 In this case we're using the nouns as examples Let's look at column 3 and column 4 20:45.000 --> 20:55.000 TION or ATION Reaction, Communication FION, Vision, Confusion 20:55.000 --> 21:06.000 MENT, Document, Requirement NESS, Happiness, Kindness URE, Architecture, Seizure 21:06.000 --> 21:19.000 LOGY, Biology, Genealogy ISM, Journalism, Activism IEY or TY, Activity, Specialty 21:19.000 --> 21:31.000 TRY, Dentistry, Carpentry Y, Philosophy, Botany ITS, Linguistics, Mathematics 21:31.000 --> 21:41.000 ANCE, ENCE, Distance, Preference ING, Accounting, Swimming 21:41.000 --> 21:49.000 Again, the blue ones indicate that they can also be verbs In this case, they're indicating nouns 21:49.000 --> 22:01.000 For example, swimming is a fun activity TACTICIDE 22:01.000 --> 22:06.000 Fill in the blanks with the correct endings Let's see how you can do 22:06.000 --> 22:13.000 You should be able to determine the part of speech from the context of the sentence 22:13.000 --> 22:47.000 Go ahead You can also use the word 22:47.000 --> 22:53.000 You can also use the word You can also use the word 22:53.000 --> 22:59.000 You can also use the word You can also use the word 22:59.000 --> 23:05.000 You can also use the word You can also use the word 23:05.000 --> 23:11.000 You can also use the word You can also use the word 23:11.000 --> 23:17.000 You can also use the word You can also use the word 23:17.000 --> 23:23.000 You can also use the word You can also use the word 23:23.000 --> 23:29.000 You can also use the word You can also use the word 23:29.000 --> 23:35.000 You can also use the word You can also use the word 23:35.000 --> 23:44.000 You can also use the word Please organize the plyo The accountant says it looks awful 23:44.000 --> 23:52.000 What should I major in? Sociology, journalism, or linguistics? That video was hilarious 23:52.000 --> 24:03.000 The employees couldn't stop laughing The professor was so boring We felt really sleepy in his class 24:03.000 --> 24:11.000 Jen was careless She dropped her fishing pole in the water This is too flexible 24:11.000 --> 24:17.000 He needs to strengthen his management skills We hired a new electrician 24:17.000 --> 24:26.000 The old one was lazy and unreliable How many volunteers do we need for the swimming tournament 24:26.000 --> 24:32.000 Can you clarify what you just said? It was incomprehensible to me 24:37.000 --> 24:43.000 Hope that was helpful Don't forget to check out the links in the description below 24:43.000 --> 24:49.000 And please remember to subscribe And give us a like in the comments section 24:55.000 --> 25:02.000 Thanks for watching If you have ideas for our next video Please let us know 25:02.000 --> 25:06.000 Send us an email from the web page below