Word forms and endings in English
This video is brought to you by the following English learning websites
In this video we'll talk about how word forms can be recognized by their endings
How suffixes, endings, can change a word's part of speech How suffixes can affect a word's spelling and pronunciation
Parts of speech include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. Let's start with the verb endings
As you know, there are many verb endings that don't change the verb to another part of speech
These are dealt with in our other videos See links in the description below this video
For example, ending, function, examples See our other videos below Ending, S or ES
The function is third person singular Examples, each, works, goes, tries
We have a video which deals with that S endings in English
Indicates progressive tenses Eating, running, working, hoping We have another video which deals with that
Verb endings in English Indicates regular, past and past participles
Worked, played, planned, cried Our other video, Final ED Endings in English, deals with that
Irregular verb endings Indicate irregular past and past participles For example, eaten, found, told, brought
And sometimes we even change the word, like went We have another video that deals with that
Irregular verbs, finally explained How can we recognize English verbs by their endings
Here are some examples of words with verb endings When you see the verb ending, you can sometimes know that it indicates a verb
ISE or IGE Advertise, advise, criticize, organize
What's the difference between these two spellings? Generally, in British English, they use ISE endings
And for some of these verbs, in American English, we use the IGE ending
ATE, communicate, relate IFY, verify, clarify, specify
EN, soften, strengthen And then we have the other verb endings that don't change the part of speech
S and ES, eats, goes The word remains a verb ING, cleaning, doing
These are in a different color because they also indicate a noun or an adjective
ED, in the past and past participle Talked, played These can also indicate an adjective
Notice the pronunciation and stress patterns for these verbs Ending, examples, two syllables, more than two syllables
For ISE, IGE and YGE, which is another variation of this
We have words like advertise, advise, criticize, organize, analyze When there are two syllables in the verb, the second syllable is emphasized or stressed
For example, advise, arise, revise If there are more than two syllables, the first syllable of the word is emphasized
Advertise, televise Organize, synthesize, capitalize, realize
For ATE, communicate, relate If there are two syllables, the second syllable is stressed
Relate, debate, create, berate For more than two syllables, the third syllable from the end is emphasized
Designate, celebrate Notice these are three-syllable words, so the third syllable from the end is the first syllable of the word
For the next two, communicate, procrastinate These are four-syllable words, so the third syllable from the end is actually the second syllable of the word
IFY, verify, clarify, specify For these, if there are more than two syllables, the syllable before the ending is stressed
For example, verify, signify, declassify The end, soften or threaten
In this case, if there are two syllables, the first syllable is emphasized
Frighten, weaken For more than two syllables, the syllable right before the ending is stressed
Unfasten, re-strengthen Note, when you add another ending to the verb, the stress does not change on the original verb
For example, I revised my essay, revised, revised The stress does not change even though we add the past tense ending
There is no new syllable in this example In the second example, we debated the topic
Debate, debated, debating There is no stress change, but there is an extra syllable with the extra ending
I celebrated my 21st birthday No stress change even though there is an extra syllable with the past tense ending
Verb endings can be complicated in English Wait till you see the adjectives
Adjective endings involve some changes in both spelling and pronunciation Word endings, adjectives
Ending, examples OUS, IOUS Humorous, hilarious AL, IAL
Mental, influential FUL, wonderful, beautiful LESS, careless, thoughtless
IBE, creative, positive ISH, foolish, greenish IC, generic, specific
ABLE and IBLE FLEXIBLE, available ARY, primary, voluntary
Y, thrifty, glossy ING, interesting, amusing These are in blue because they also indicate verb endings
But in this case they are adjectives ED, bored, embarrassed ENT and ANT
These are in purple because they also indicate noun endings But in this case they are adjectives
For example, distant, consistent Many adjectives and adjective endings indicate that the word comes from another part of speech
For example SUCCESS plus FULL equals SUCCESSFUL NOUN plus FULL equals ADJECTIVE
CREATE plus IBE equals CREATIVE VERB plus IBE equals ADJECTIVE Notice there are some spelling changes here
GREEN plus ISH equals GREENISH ADJECTIVE plus ISH indicates another adjective
Note the spelling changes Let's look at how that works Spelling changes
Ending, examples Notable spelling changes FULL, WONDERFUL, BEAUTIFUL With WONDERFUL the original word does not change
With BEAUTIFUL the noun BEAUTY ends with a Y We need to change the Y to I before adding the FUL ending
CARELESS, THOUGHTLESS No change in the ending here PENNY ends in a Y
The Y changes to an I before we add the LESS PENNYLESS
OUS, IOUS HUMOROUS, VARIOUS Notice V-A-R-Y, VARIOUS changes to V-A-R-I-O-U-S
There are some other changes with some words like this as well
For example, CONTINUE ends in a silent E We drop the silent E before we add the ending CONTINUOUS
FICTION is a kind of special one We add an extra syllable in the middle
FICTION, FICTIOUS A-L, I-A-L MENTAL, INFLUENTIAL With INFLUENTIAL we start with INFLUENCE which ends in C-E
and we change the C to a T and add I-A-L INFLUENTIAL
Notice with this word there is also a stress change For example, INFLUENCE, the stress is on the first syllable
INFLUENTIAL, the stress comes right before the ending CAUSE, CAUSAL Notice we're dropping the final E here to add the A-L ending
CAUSE can be a verb or a noun CAUSAL is an adjective
I-V-E, CREATIVE, NEGATIVE CREATE with the final E The silent E is dropped and I-V-E is added
I-S-H, FOOLISH, GREENISH No change in the ending here But with words like RED and BLUE there's a change
With RED you have a short vowel before a consonant In order to protect the short vowel you add an extra consonant
So you double the D RED, REDDISH With BLUE there's a silent E which is dropped before we add the I-S-H
BLUE, BLUISH I-C, GENERIC, SPECIFIC, SEEN Drop the final E
SCENIC, ROMANTIC This is kind of like INFLUENCE Where the final C-E is changed to T before adding the I-C ending ROMANTIC
We also have a shift in the stress pattern ROMANTIC, the first syllable is emphasized
ROMANTIC, the second syllable is emphasized Y, THRIFTY, GROSSY, LAZY
SPICE, again there's a silent E It's changed to Y Drop the E first
FUN, we have a short vowel before a consonant Which means that we need to double the consonant before we add the Y
FUN, FUNNY ING, INTERESTING, AMUSING Again these are BLUE to indicate that they also are verb endings
BORE, drop the silent E BORING, AMUSE, drop the E, AMUSING BORED, EMBARRASSED, B-D, ENDING
BORE, BORED In this case, instead of adding an E-D, we simply add a D
Because there's already an E there SATISFY, drop the Y, change it to I and add E-D SATISFIED A-B-L-E
AVAILABLE, RELIABLE Again, the word RELY ends in a Y So we're going to drop the I and add an I before the suffix A-B-L-E RELIABLE
WIN, you have a short vowel sound before a single consonant So you're going to double the consonant
WINNABLE before adding the ending I-B-L-E FLEXIBLE and CREDIBLE
Now in this case, it seems like the whole word changes We have the word CREED
When we change it into an adjective, we change the pronunciation and the spelling
So instead of CREED, it becomes CREDIBLE So we drop one E and change the pronunciation from E to E and then add the I-B-L-E
With EAT, there's a similar change We change the whole word EAT, EDIBLE
With EAT, you have a long E sound You change that to a short E sound
We change the P to a D and add I-B-L-E EAT, EDIBLE
Next, A-R-Y PRIMARY, INVOLUNTARY With this one, there's some words that completely change
For example, HEARD becomes PERCIARY The word itself changes almost completely Then we have JUDICIAL JUDICIARY
We add I-A-R-Y Now, JUDICIARY can be a noun or an adjective
E-N-T, A-N-T Again, these endings can sometimes be used as nouns That's why we put them in the purple color
Some adjective examples would be DISTANT and CONSISTENT With DIFFERENT, the ending is added without changing anything in the verb or the word or the ending
But with words like VALOR in order to make it into an adjective
we have to add I-A-N-T, VALORANT How about ADVERBS
Changing adjectives to adverbs can be tricky Because of that, we have created a separate video for you
Please check out the link below this video Changing Adjectives to Adverbs
Review Word Endings These are verbs and adjectives Take a minute to look at the chart below
and see how these all fit together Try to remember what you just learned
Are you ready for more endings? The biggest risk is the nouns
There are so many of them that we'll divide them into two parts
Word Endings, Nouns The first and second columns indicate word endings for nouns that are people or persons
The third and fourth columns indicate nouns that are activities, fields, or qualities
as well as examples of them Let's look at the first two columns to start with
Volunteer, EUR Entrepreneur, EE Employee, Trustee IST, AST
Artist, Gymnast MAN, WOMAN We can also change this to the plural
M-E-N or W-O-M-E-N For example IAL or AL
Official, Principal The ones in purple indicate adjectives and noun endings, both
In this case we're using the nouns as examples Let's look at column 3 and column 4
TION or ATION Reaction, Communication FION, Vision, Confusion
MENT, Document, Requirement NESS, Happiness, Kindness URE, Architecture, Seizure
LOGY, Biology, Genealogy ISM, Journalism, Activism IEY or TY, Activity, Specialty
TRY, Dentistry, Carpentry Y, Philosophy, Botany ITS, Linguistics, Mathematics
ANCE, ENCE, Distance, Preference ING, Accounting, Swimming
Again, the blue ones indicate that they can also be verbs In this case, they're indicating nouns
For example, swimming is a fun activity TACTICIDE
Fill in the blanks with the correct endings Let's see how you can do
You should be able to determine the part of speech from the context of the sentence
Go ahead You can also use the word
You can also use the word You can also use the word
You can also use the word Please organize the plyo The accountant says it looks awful
What should I major in? Sociology, journalism, or linguistics? That video was hilarious
The employees couldn't stop laughing The professor was so boring We felt really sleepy in his class
Jen was careless She dropped her fishing pole in the water This is too flexible
He needs to strengthen his management skills We hired a new electrician
The old one was lazy and unreliable How many volunteers do we need for the swimming tournament
Can you clarify what you just said? It was incomprehensible to me
Hope that was helpful Don't forget to check out the links in the description below
And please remember to subscribe And give us a like in the comments section
Thanks for watching If you have ideas for our next video Please let us know
Send us an email from the web page below