Hello and welcome to ESL Advice English Grammar Lesson
Our today's topic is Phrases in English Grammar. In this video, we will learn everything about phrases in English
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bell icon to get notified. Now, let's move to the lesson. So, what is a phrase
Let's start with the characteristics of a phrase. Number 1. A phrase is a group of words with no subject or verb
Number 2. A phrase is a part of a clause. Number 3
A phrase cannot act as a complete sentence. Number 4. A phrase cannot make any complete sense or meaning of its own
Number 5. A phrase always functions as a single part of speech
Let's see the examples. The students of this batch are attentive. Here, the students of this batch is an example of a phrase in this sentence
Now, let's look at different types of phrases in English grammar. The first one is noun phrase
Structurally, a noun phrase is a group of words with a noun as its main word
And, functionally, a noun phrase is a group of words that functions or acts like a noun
For example, the players of this team are stronger. Here, the players of this team is a noun phrase because the head or main word of this phrase
is players, which is a noun. So, the structure of the phrase clearly indicates that it's a noun phrase
Another example is, to swim is good for health. Here, to swim is a noun phrase because the phrase functions as a noun, though the head
of the phrase is a verb. Remember, if the phrase as a whole acts as a noun in a sentence, we can consider the
phrase as a noun phrase, no matter which word class the head of the phrase belongs to
Our next type of phrase is verb phrase. A phrase that consists of a group of words and functions like a verb is called a verb phrase
Usually, a verb phrase has two different parts. One is auxiliary and another is lexical
However, there can be more than one auxiliary verb, but a single main verb or lexical verb
is considered the head in a verb phrase. For example, I am writing an article on phrases
Here, am writing is a verb phrase because the phrase functions as a verb
Am is the auxiliary verb in the phrase, and writing is the main verb or head
Let's see some exceptions. In example 1, we should respect the younger people too
Example number 2, we should have respected the younger people too. In example 1, we find the modal auxiliary should and simple infinitive respect as the
lexical part of the phrase. However, we can have perfect infinitives as the lexical part
In example 2, should have respected is the perfect infinitive. Now, let's particularly look at phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs, also known as compound verbs, are a particular group of words that consists
of a verb and an adverb, or preposition or both, and together work as a verb
There are three possible structures of a phrasal verb. Structure 1. Verb plus adverb. Example
You have turned up this time like always. Turned up is the phrasal verb here
Structure 2. Verb plus preposition. Example. The committee is looking into the problem
Looking into is the phrasal verb here. Structure 3. Verb plus adverb plus preposition
I cannot put up with such atrocity. Put up with is the phrasal verb here. Remember
There are some verb phrases without any specific structure, which are known as verbal idioms
For example. They explore every avenue to repair the computer. Explored every avenue is a verbal idiom here that means tried every method. Then
I believe my brother will finally carry the day. Here, carry the day is a verbal idiom that means win
The last example is. We shall do or die to win the game
Here, do or die is the verbal idiom that means do everything possible
Now, let's talk about the adjective phrase. A group of words that functions as an adjective is called an adjective phrase
An adjective phrase modifies or gives information about a noun or a pronoun
For example. The sailors were brave enough to survive the storm. Here, the phrase brave enough is an adjective phrase since it modifies the noun sailors
Structurally, the head of an adjective phrase is always an adjective. However, that head may have a modifier before it, a qualifier after it, or both a modifier
and qualifier. Well, now let's see the structures of adjective phrases. There are three possible structures of an adjective phrase
Structure 1. Modifier plus adjective. Example. Our leader is very sincere. Very sincere is the adjective phrase here
Structure 2. Adjective plus qualifier. Example. My course teacher was kind enough to help me
Kind enough is the adjective phrase here. Structure 3. Modifier plus adjective plus qualifier
Our fishermen were very passionate indeed. Very passionate indeed is the adjective phrase here
Remember, in an adjective phrase, both the modifier and qualifier are adverbs
Now, it's time to talk about the adverbial phrase. An adverbial phrase is a group of words that works as an adverb in a clause
Like adverbs, adverbial phrases also modify verbs and are used as an adverbial complement
or adjunct in a clause. For example. They work so quickly. Here, the phrase so quickly is an adverbial phrase since it modifies the verb work
In an adverbial phrase, the head is always an adverb. An adverbial phrase also may have a modifier before it, a qualifier after it, or both a
modifier and qualifier. Well, now. There are three possible structures of an adverbial phrase
Structure 1. Modifier plus adverb. Example. He walks very fast. Very fast is the adverbial phrase here
Structure 2. Adverb plus qualifier. Example. The horse is running fast enough
Fast enough is the adverbial phrase here. Structure 3. Modifier plus adverb plus qualifier
They work quite fast indeed. Quite fast indeed is the adjective phrase here. Remember
In an adverbial phrase, besides the adverb as head, both the modifier and qualifier are adverbs
Now, let's talk about preposition phrases. We know that prepositions are words used with nouns, pronouns, and gerunds to connect them
with other words in the clause. Actually, the head of such a phrase is always a preposition, and that head takes the noun
pronoun, or gerund as completives. There are three structures of the preposition phrase
Structure 1. Preposition plus noun. Example. My brother is now at university
At university is the preposition phrase here. Structure 2. Preposition plus pronoun. Example
My uncle stays with us. With us is the preposition phrase here
Structure 3. Preposition plus gerund. Example. No one from our group has any objection to swimming
To swimming is the preposition phrase here. Remember. The head of a preposition phrase is called prepend, and anything used with it is called completives
Also remember that in most preposition phrases, the prepend sits beside the completives
However, in some cases, especially in informal English, prepend may sit far from the completives
For example. Who are you talking with? Where are you from? What are they talking about? Alright
Our sixth phrase is the participle phrase. When a group of words consists of a participle as its head, it is called a participle phrase
This head or participle, also known as the participial head, forms the participle phrase
by taking different types of words or phrases after it. There can be four different structures of the participle phrase
Structure 1. Participle plus adverb. Example. I found him going home. Going home is the participle phrase here
Structure 2. Participle plus noun. Example. I saw the dog eating the bread
Eating the bread is the participle phrase here. Structure 3. Participle plus preposition phrase. Example
I checked the letter typed by her. Typed by her is the participle phrase
Structure 4. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling afraid. Feeling afraid is the participle phrase here
Structure 5. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 6. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling depressed. Feeling depressed is the participle phrase here
Structure 7. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 8. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 9. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 10. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 11. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 12. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 13. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 14. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 15. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 16. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 17. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 18. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 19. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 20. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 21. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 22. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 23. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 24. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 25. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 26. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 27. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 28. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 29. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 30. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 31. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 32. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here
Structure 33. Participle plus adjective. Example. I found her feeling sad. Feeling sad is the participle phrase here