Hi everyone
Today we are going to talk about IP addressing and basically Ethernet communication
So communicating through Ethernet involves the Open System Interconnection model or the OSI model
and the model is made for computing systems to communicate with each other
without the need for understanding all the underlying internal structure and technology that you use
So think of it like sending a letter. You wrote a letter on a piece of paper
The language in which you write it is actually the protocol. And then you sign at the bottom, which is your signature, like a physical identity for you
And then you put it into an envelope, and you have all the information on the envelope
You stick it in the mail, and it appears that the other side knows more
There's a lot of things happening. You don't really care about that. That's similar to what's happening with the Ethernet protocol
and the Ethernet that's on your system here. So the first thing you do is actually look at what is an IP address
So an IP address, it's up here. It's basically a user-defined numeric variable that is 32-bit long, so it's grouped into four bytes
And an example, as you see up here, is 172.16.254.1
So that would be an example of an IP address. And so the other thing we have to talk about a little bit is the MAC address
The MAC address is also called the physical address, the physical location of what you're trying to communicate to
And that actually is a 48-bit address. It's grouped into six bytes of information
And an example of that would be, say, 0002A1DC7233
And it actually gives you the physical location. And that's really what we want to do is communicate to that physical location
Now, when we talk about Internet IP addressing, you also need to think about the subnet
And what we have is subnet MAC. Now, all that will do is determine on your network, you can split these up into subnets
and the subnet MAC will assure that your subnet remains to that group itself
So the subnet MAC must match typically in order for everyone in that subnet to communicate to each other
Now, everyone will have an IP address, but there are reserved private IP addresses used for us to use at will
And there's three different classes of them, A, B, and C. And the first one, these are reserved for our independent use
So if you look at your work places, usually it's 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
So those you don't have to register or anything to ensure that people know where to find it
So these are all private. So that's why when you first purchase a router, you always get an address of 192.168 and something else
So what we're going to do is let's take a look at communicating to a quick PLT
So I'll call up the software here, and what we'll do is click online
Okay, we'll change this to our Ethernet. And currently right now, I have an IP address of 192.168.1.3 with subnets of 255.255.255
The default gateway just tells me where I'm going to go to get to the Internet
And up here, I can see that it automatically scanned my network and has determined that I have a PLT
The IP address is 192.168.0.10. The subnet is 255.255.0.0. Here's the part number, and it's saying it's in run mode right now
That's good. The MAC address or physical location or physical number is this right here
So right now, I know that my IP address, okay, does not match what I see here, okay
That's mainly because it is a 1 there and a 255 there, but subnets is not the same
So when I hit connect, it should give me an error. So I'm doing that right now, and what you'll see is it's not matching
So two things have to happen. We'll have to change our subnets, and we'll have to change the IP address
And the IP address that we should use is a 1 there and a 255 here so that the information there can be the same
We'll say okay, and let's just edit that. So that's our default one, so let's set the name of it
And so what we want is 192, 168, 1, and 10
Okay, I should have a nice 65, 65, and 55. Hit okay
And now, here's what we have. And that should match, and as soon as you hit connect, sure enough, we come up with we're now online
and we're currently in the window. So that's it. It's very simple
And there's one other thing I just wanted to mention is that in order to troubleshoot this
there is a program called Wireshark, and Wireshark will actually allow you to monitor your Ethernet connection
and actually look at individual details of everything coming on and off your network based on your Ethernet port that you're monitoring
So it's a very useful tool. You can actually see the protocol, and you can actually understand a lot more when they telecode all the different protocols that are being used
All right, that's it for now. If you have any questions or need further information, please give us a call right here
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Thanks for watching. Microsoft Mechanics www.microsoft.com