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hey there welcome back to our Channel
today we are diving into a beginner
friendly guide to Linux we will cover
what Linux is how to install it and
basics of Linux whether you are new to
Linux or just curious you are in the
right place let's dive in so what
exactly is Linux Linux is a free and
open source operating system which means
its source code is freely available for
anyone to view modify and distribute in
Layman language we can say that Linux is
a software that allows your computer's
hardware and lets you run programs Linux
was created in 1991 by Linux stws and
has since grown into a diverse ecosystem
of distributions each tailored for
different uses and users Linux is
popular because it's
stable secure and super flexible you can
use it for anything from your laptop to
servers even on Smart devices plus it's
free so anyone can download and
customize it it is backed up by a large
community for support before installing
Linux you will need to pick a version
called distribution or a drro some
popular options include obuntu perfect
for beginners Fedora great for
developers Linux Mint deban Arc Linux
Reddit Enterprise Linux we call it rhl
col Linux rocki and am Linux and op Su
in this tutorial we will use ubu because
it's easy to use and well supported
let's get Linux up and running here is
how to do it first you need to download
Ubuntu ISO file create a virtual machine
in Virtual box Mount the downloaded ISO
file start the virtual machine follow
the screen instructions finish the OS
installation and reboot your system
after the successful installation of
Ubuntu and then log to your Ubuntu
system start the browser in Google
search download UB 2
ISO click on this first
link and download desktop uh Edition
that is Ubuntu 24.4 LTS click on
download download will start and it will
take 5 to 10 minutes depending upon your
internet
speed once the ISO file is downloaded
start your virtual
box create a new virtual machine click
on machine and then choose new type the
virtual machine name let's say to
x to the ISO
file ch skip unintended installation and
then click on
next give the CPUs as two Ram
as depending upon your resources so I
have enough resources on my laptop so
I'm giving it as 4GB to course and then
click on
next select the virtual disk as minimum
20
GB click
next click on finish
choose this virtual machine and then
click on
settings go to network choose bridge
adapter and click okay now start this
virtual
machine choose first option try and
install Ubuntu and hit enter
choose your prefer language and then
click
next click on
next choose your keyboard
layout your system is connected to the
internet then select the first option
use wide connection else select do not
connect to the internet click on
next skip for the time
being choose the first option install U
and then click
next choose first option interactive
installation and then click
next choose default
selection and then hit next if your
system is connected to the internet and
you want to install third party
softwares for graphics and Wi-Fi then
choose the first option and you want to
install some additional media formats
then choose the second option as
well click next
so how do you install Ubuntu choose the
first option erase disk and install
Ubuntu and click next now specify the
username for your obuntu Linux in my
case it is Linux
techi and the computer name that you
want to set or the host name that you
want to set for your ubu
Linux let's say it's two set the
password
and choose this option require my
password to login and then click
next select the time
zone and then click next and click on
install to proceed with the
installation as you can see installation
has been started it may take 5 to 10
minutes depending upon your system
resources installation is completed
click on restart
now press enter to remove the ISO
file we'll start our UB LX
VM choose the user Linux Tey and enter
the credentials that you have created
during the
installation it will take us to the
following desktop screen
the screen
instructions click on next choose skip
for now and then click next choose no do
not share the system data and click
next and then click on
finish now that you have Linux installed
let's
explore on the desktop screen you will
see application menu from here you can
search the application and start your uh
applications like I want to start
terminal so search here
terminal and click on the
icon it will start the terminal for
you go back to the
panel in the panel first you will see
the Firefox web browser if you click on
the Firefox web browser icon it will
start the Firefox for
you below to Firefox you have file
explorer it's similar to the file
explorer on window windows or the Mac
just click on this icon it will take us
to this window so from here you can
Travers or you can go to the different
folders like I would like to go to
download folder you click on it you will
be in the downloads folder if you again
go back to your home directory just
click on home icon here below to this uh
file explorer we have App Center app
just if you click on App Center it will
start the app App Center for you from
here you can search your applications
that you want to install on your Ubunto
Linux and and you can install it from
there let's say I want to install Visual
Studio
code so in the search bar
type Visual Studio
code just click on this Visual Studio
code
icon and then click on
install it will prompt you to enter your
local user password because your local
user password has the administrative
rights to install the softwares on your
obuntu
system click on
authenticate so it will start installing
the visual studio code on your OBO
Linux once installed just click on open
it will start your Visual Studio code
all right this confirms that we have
successfully installed Visual Studio
code using App Center let's close for
the time
being okay below to this app center you
have help center so you will get the
required ha for your Ubuntu desktop just
click on the links you will get the
required
documentations and Below to this you
have press it's similar to recycle bin
that you have on Windows
desktop all right let's try some simple
terminal commands let me close this
window all right so this is my terminal
let's run the command who am
I as the name suggests it will give us
the information about the user which is
currently logged in in your system so in
my case I am logged in with Linus te
user if you want to print the current
location or present working directory
you can type the command
PWD PWD stands for present working
directory as the output
shows my current working directory is/
home/ Linus teing and if I want to list
the files and the folders inside this
current working directory for that we
have a command LS stand for
list if you type here LS
it will show the files and the
directories under this present working
directory that is SL home/ so under this
folder I have these folders and
files all right if you want to see
whether these are files or folders you
run the command LS space hyphen
L it will show the output in Long
listing format if you see this is the
permissions uh section the first
character is d d stands for directory it
means demo is a directory desktop is a
directory this empty file it's a file
type as we have hyphen in front of uh
the
permissions another basic command is CD
CD stands for change directory or just
to change the folder from one location
to another location let's say I want to
to change my current working directory
to a where temp folder for that I can
run the command CD space SLV SL
stamp and if you type here
PWD you will see your present working
directory has changed to /w/
Temp let's create a data folder here in
order to create a folder in Linux we
have the command and mkd make directory
if I type
mkd and the name of the folder that I
would like to
create and if I hit enter it will create
a data folder or we can say data
directory inside my present working
directory which is
sl/ if you do LS i l here all right now
I want to create a file inside this data
folder for that I need to go to this
folder I need to Travers to this folder
for that you can use CD command and type
data if you want to create an empty file
under this data folder we have the
command touch
touch let's say
skills if you type L here you will see a
skills file is
created under where /t/ data
folder in order to add some content or
to modify the content of this file we
have a VI editor in
Linux VI editor is installed by default
whenever we install Linux so you can use
it by typing the command VI and then the
file name in our case File name is
skills so VI space skills hit
enter in order to enter anything on this
file you need to move into the insert
mode for that you type I here now you
are into the insert mode and start
typing let's
say
Linux then enter Let's uh
devops cloud
secure
it in order to save the file press
Escape then colon WQ this will save and
quit the
file all right if you want to view the
content of this file we can use the
command cat cat followed by the file
name so we have created a empty file
using touch command we have modified the
content of this skills files using V
editor and we can view the content of
our skills file using cat
command so if you want to go back to
your uh home directory that was uh slome
SL Linus Tei you just type CD
here you will be back in your home
directory if you type
PWD another important command is sudu
sudu will allow you to run the command
with administrative privileges so by
default whenever you install Ubuntu you
create a local user that local user will
have the administrative rights but if
you want to run the commands with
administrative right you need to append
sudo in every uh command let's say I
want to install a package like Vim for
that we have the app utility but app
utility will need some administrative
privileges for that I need to run apt
command with sudo privileges let's run
the command
sudu apt update first so this command
will update the repositories index here
repositories are the package
repositories for your OB LX if you type
sudu app update it will prompt you to
enter the password for your local user
the specify the password and it will
authenticate and will run the command
all right let's say I want to install a
package
Vim it is highly recommended to install
the Wim package if you are beginner in
Linux
sudu appt is your command install is
your keyword followed by the package
name I want to install Vim here so type
vim and hit enter
type y here to continue and hit
enter all right we is installed now
let's try to edit uh Etc host files for
that again if you type Etc host here
you will see in
the at the bottom of your screen it's
read only if you make the changes but
those changes will not be saved because
it's a readon file so in order to open
this file in read write mode you need to
use the command sudu sudu then VI then
Etc host
file type
enter and if you type here I this time
you will see insert you are into the
insert mode
use down arrow key let's add an entry
here one more
entry now type escape and WQ to save
your changes now you can see the content
of this
file so our changes are there in the
file if you want to print the IP address
of your
Ubuntu system we have the command IP
space EDR space so let me clear the
screen first using the command
clear and type IP space ADR space
show this command will show how many
interfaces are attached to my Linux
system what is the interface name and
what IP is assigned to this
interface and this Dynamic word says
that it Go the IP from the dscp server
another way to verify the network
details for your
interface if you see carefully on the
top of your screen you have this icon
just click on this icon and then click
on wire click on wir
settings click on this wir settings
again it will take us to this
window it will show so the link speed IP
address Mac address default gateway if
you go to ipv4 tab you will see that
automatic or DP option is enabled it
means it will get the IP from the DP
server or you want to configure static
IP address choose the option manual
specify the IP details here IP address
let's say I want to set the IP address
as
192.168.1
do 149
subnet Mass would be
255.255.255.0 Gateway is
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192.168.1.1 and DNS name let's say 4.2
do2 click on
apply just disable and enable this
interface by toggling this button and
close this window
go back to the terminal again and type
the IP addr show command
again you will see the system has new IP
address so this time the dynamic word
has been removed it means we have the
static IP address on our ob2 system if
you want to install
updates including security updates on
your system from the command line again
you have to use the command appt let me
clear the screen again in order to
install all the available updates on
your system you can run the command sudu
apt and then
upgrade hit enter and type y so it will
install all the available updates
here if you want to cancel Type n in
order to reboot or shut down your a
Linux
system this command will reboot your
Ubuntu
system if you want to shut down then
type the command sudu space down minus h
space now it will shut down your system
if I hit enter it will set down my
virtual machine
all right select the watch again and
click on start in order to start your
huban
Linux enter the credentials of your
local
user and hit
enter let's talk about Linux voice
system hierarchy Linux organized the
files into a structure that looks like a
tree here are the main
folders We have slash at the top we call
it the root directory it's where
everything
starts so under this/ root directory we
have multiple folders like Ben that will
have the required binaries to run the
programs boot folder will have static
files for the boot loader Dev folder
will have device files Etc will host the
system configuration files slome will be
the user home directory live will have
sh libraries media will be used in order
to mount or you
mount uh USB
Medias MNT will be used for mounting a
file system opt is optional application
software packages folder SL temp is used
for in the temporary files and USR will
have users utilities and the
applications let's see this in action
again go back to your terminal order to
open the terminal you can use open
Terminal or you can from the
applications you can type terminal here
as
well if you go to slash directory that
is/ root directory type LS
l so this is my Ru directory that is top
directory under this directory I have
multiple
folders as shown in this figure so this
is my root
directory so again this is the one under
this root directory I have multiple
folders like boot directory Dev EC
slome media MNT opt
temp USR and
where if someone says let's create a
folder under /w/ temp with the name
devops so you should understand that
your mkd command will start with Slash
because in Linux everything starts with
Slash if you go back to your home
directory
type
mkd
slash location is slw SL St and
devops in order to verify this folder
has been created or not you just type
command LS hyphen L then D for
directory and the path the path is /w/
st/
devops this confirms that you have
successfully created a devop folder
under /w/ St
folder someone says let's go to a USR
local bin folder and do LS there so you
should understand automatically that
path will start with
Slash let's say
CD USR would be under slash so it would
start with sl/ USR under this we have
local folder under local we have bin if
you do enter here you are in user local
bin folder you can run the command PWD
and you do
LS there is no files or directories
under this folder for the time
thinging type CD to go back to your home
directory that's all from our beginners
guide to Linux we have covered what
Linux is how to install it and some
basic commands to get you started if you
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