well hi it's Jan at learn English with
be Global and today we're going to learn
about eight major word groups in the
English
language this may be a brand new topic
to some of you or this may be a good
review why should we learn about word
groups well identifying word groups in a
sentence it secures a correct
understanding of the meaning of the
sentence for this video I'm going to use
traveling as the context for all of our
examples because I imagine that since
you're trying to learn English you would
like to travel
someday and I hope that it will be
relevant to you as we learn these word
groups let's begin what's our first word
group
nouns nouns are
persons
places things or
ideas the following are some examples of
nouns the first example manners are
important when
traveling the
plane
flew
Sarah read the
signs the Grand Canyon is a beautiful
place so where are the nouns and what
are the nouns well manners here is a
noun because it's an
idea manners are important when
traveling the plane is a noun because
it's a
thing Sarah is a noun because this word
is a person represents a
person and the Grand Canyon is a noun
because it is a thing it is a place and
a
thing
so what's our second word group it's
verbs so verbs show
action here are some examples of verbs
in a
sentence the flight attendant talked to
the
passenger I see many taxis in New
York they have been to get their
passport so we're looking for the action
going on in the sentence when we look to
identify verbs so the first sentence the
action is happening from who the flight
attendant she's talking she did talk
right the action in this sentence is
coming from the person seeing I see
that's the actions
seeing and the last one they have been
to get their passport and even though
this is in the past it's the action of
going it's just in the
past so that's what a verb is a verb
shows
action so what is our third word group
it's pronouns and pronouns replace Place
nouns some examples of
pronouns are he the man is flying with
her the
woman or they are checking into it a
hotel or
it is why I travel it represents an idea
Adventure so we'll review that he is
replacing a noun the the man remember we
talked about a man is a person place
thing or idea so he the pronoun is just
replacing that uh person so you can
speak faster pronouns are great like
that so he is flying with her the woman
her is also a
pronoun
representing the woman the noun the
woman so instead of saying the man is
flying with the woman you can just say
he is flying with her much quicker right
so that's all these uh these word groups
represent they represents a group of
people more than
one they are checking in into it a hotel
so they instead of saying that group of
people every single time you can just
say they they the
pronoun replaces the noun those people
are checking in to it a hotel so you can
say they are checking into the hotel or
you can say they are just checking into
to it meaning the hotel the hotel is the
noun right it
represents the noun replaces the noun
actually uh both of those now it down
here we looked at earlier it this this
pronoun it uh represents and replaces
the
idea of Adventure and Adventure is an
idea that is is remember a noun nouns
can be ideas so Adventure is an idea
Adventure is why I travel or you can
just say it is why I
travel and those are pronouns word group
it's
adjectives adjectives describe a noun or
a
pronoun here are some examples Colorado
has a
gorgeous mountain range it's
describing Mount Rushmore shows four US
presidents I am happy I drove
here so we're looking for the part of
the sentence that describes the noun or
the pronoun right so if we find um some
uh nouns then that will help us find our
adjectives so Colorado has gorgeous
Mountain a gorgeous mountain range so a
mountain range is a group of mountains
so it's uh it's being described as
gorgeous as beautiful it is describing
it so I'm using my green marker here and
maybe that'll help you remember you know
Green is a color and it connects to
describing things when you describe
something something or use an adjective
you use colors or you use what something
looks like in appearance for the second
example Mount Rushmore shows four US
presidents well this is describing the
number of presidents that you see on
Mount Rushmore so that's another
descriptor for your adjective so your
adjective is for
Mount Rushmore shows four US presidents
on the first one Colorado has gorgeous a
gorgeous mountain
range
so the adjective we know is
gorgeous it's describing the mountain
range four is describing Mount
Rushmore the third example here I am
happy I drove here I am happy happy is
describing the
noun the pronoun I am happy I is the
pronoun which we learned last time is
replacing the noun so adjectives also
describe emotions they describe all
kinds of things adjectives are great
words uh because they make our stories
and our reading so much more colorful
so those are
adjectives well our next word group is
adverbs the adverbs describe a
verb an adjective or another
adverb so we talked about adjectives
last time
describing
nouns adverbs describe
verbs adjectives or another adverb now I
know this is may seem a little confusing
so we're going to look at some examples
and then we're going to do another
little bit of examples because this gets
a little um uh more in depth but I know
you can do this so don't give up okay so
here's the example that cake looks
good the adverb here here is
good
why because it is describing or
modifying looks the
verb uh not the
cake the adverb good is describing what
the cake looks like it looks good we
don't know what the cake tastes like but
we know what it looks like so looks is
the verb that good the adverb
is
describing so let's look at another
example the tour group
followed
excitedly so we're looking for verbs or
adjectives or adverbs but we're just
going to stick with verbs right now in
this sentence we know that verbs we
learned those are action words so
followed is the action word in this
sentence right so we're found verb we
found the
verb now excitedly is describing the
action the tour group is following
they're excited you've been an exciting
tour group before right
so this this word
excitedly is an adverb that's
describing the the verb follow or
followed okay
okay it's not describing the noun this
noun phrase tour group uh or or group
actually
so next example my elderly neighbor
seems
well
so we're not looking for nouns here
we're looking for verbs for the adverb
to describe to modify or to modify right
my elderly neighbor well we've got
neighbor here elderly is not a noun
seems is a verb so seems is being
modified or described with this adverb
well she seems
well okay so seems is the verb and well
is the adverb well is what's describing
the verb now we're going to go to a new
board here in a second that will give
you a list of a lot of adverbs so don't
become uh too discouraged in in just
this part here I hope that helps but
before we go there I'm going to remind
you uh again that
adverbs answer the question answer the
questions how how often
when and where if you can
remember these questions adverbs are
usually helping us understand uh what's
going on there with some action in um in
a sentence okay how how often when and
where I said I'd remind you but I just
told you so now I'm reminding you again
and I'll remind you in just a moment so
continuing with the word group
adverbs we said that if you can use the
questions how how often when and where
you're going to be
able to find out where the adverb is in
the sentence that you're looking at or
listening
to um remember we said adverb
describe verbs adjectives and other
adverbs okay so important to remember
now if we start with how adverbs answer
the question
how uh we we often see that adverbs have
ly at the end which is great it's one of
the nice consistent things about English
although you'll see some more without l
y but if you see a word that has ly
generally it's an adverb so how well
easily um you can speak English
easily you can speak English
happily or
loudly or
quickly or
quietly or sadly now you can't do it
silently I guess you could do it in your
head or slowly so those are
describing the action of speaking
something okay uh and how how is that
going are you doing it easily or loudly
or quickly things like that the next
question is how
often adverbs a adverbs answer the
question how often
always every day
frequently never
often
once
seldom sometimes and this is just a a
short list okay but this kind of answers
that question how often how and how
often for our verbs adjectives and
adverbs
when
after
before when early
now since
soon
today
yesterday so when when what what is when
did the action take place or when did
something else happen in this sentence
and then
where adverbs answer the question
where
away
everywhere here
home
inside near
outside
there so you will see these words
particularly some of
these and you will think well isn't that
another word group another part of
speech in English well it depends upon
what it's describing in the sentence so
I hope that helps you and so that is a
summary of adverbs I recommend you maybe
take a screenshot of this this is not my
original um list but you can take a
screenshot of it and maybe look for
these words in sentences when you read
and then you can uh see how these words
are being use and if they are being used
as adverbs okay conjunctions
the conjunctions join words and phrases
or
Clauses they're they're connectors
they're like puzzle pieces so let's look
at a couple
examples we traveled by
train and by
bus the the and connects the train and
the bus okay I paid a deposit
because I wanted to reserve a a
room you can go to the museum
or go to the
park other common conjunctions are but
for
nor yet so because while until although
and if there's a lot of connecting going
on in language right now the question
you might have is should you begin a
sentence with a conjunction since
they're connecting ideas uh Clauses
words or phrases well this is a bit
debated um my response to that would be
save your usages of
conjunctions for the beginning of a
sentence when you read really want to be
emphatic um for example if you say but I
paid a deposit so I should get this room
if you didn't get the room but usually
you would use conjunctions in the inside
of sentences at least that's just the
safest way to do that so to review a
conjunction is words that join words or
phrases or
Clauses so and here is joining
train and bus they're actually joining
by train and by bus they're joining
these two prepositional phrases which we
will talk about but uh so that is the
function of the
conjunction I paid a deposit because I
wanted to reserve a room you see this
conjunction is important it
explains why but it also just connects
these
ideas and the last one uh you can go to
the museum or to the
park gives you a couple options there so
there's little words that uh do a lot of
uh describing and there words you need
to know if you want to understand
English and if you want to be understood
when you speak speak English so I would
recommend going online finding a list of
conjunctions and seeing how uh they
function how they work in sentences when
you use them or when you read them
okay oh can you guess our seventh word
group it's
prepositions so prepositions show the
relationship of a noun or a
pronoun to another part of the
sentence it hooks okay this is a hook
they hook nouns onto a sentence they're
great I love prepositions the luggage
bin here's an example the luggage bin on
an
airplane is above my
head
so the preposition
here there's two on an airplane and
above my head well on is the preposition
and above is the preposition it
describes the
relationship of the noun or pronoun to
another part of the
sentence another example the fairy boo
ticket is on the
table it's on the table
on is the
preposition we walked across the
square it showed the relationship of the
elements in the sentence to one another
the best way I can uh explain this or
has been explained to me is with a scarf
or you can think of a belt for for you
for you guys if you don't wear scarves
uh a scarf can be
uh around me around my neck around is a
preposition it can be over my head it
can be on my head it can uh it can be in
between my
fingers uh it can be near me near me it
can be beside me it can be below
me uh so it it's just a a spatial thing
so that's what a preposition is
prepositions uh hopefully you can see
prepositions don't work
alone they can't just be on or above
they have to be on something or above
something or near something so as an
example if I uh put my book in a
suitcase the preposition is in
and it's the book is in the
suitcase now in a second I'll show you
this idea of a prepositional phrase
because you can't really just have a
preposition they don't like to be alone
in fact they can't be alone prepositions
need uh nouns around them so we'll look
at some prepositional phrases okay we
talked about
prepositions and prepositions show where
things
are uh but they're always connected to a
noun so I talked about my scarf um the
the noun is the scarf it's a thing right
and the scarf is over my head the noun
the scarf is over the preposition my
head which is another noun um so they're
connected to nouns and they don't work
alone we talked about that right they
need to have some friends nearby
creating a prepositional
phrase uh they work in a group of
words um and you can identify them all
the time remember they're hook they're
hooking um uh nouns onto a sentence so
we need prepositions to hook the noun
onto the
sentence a pre preposition
phrase begins with a preposition and
ends with a noun like I said earlier I
put my book in the suitcase okay
I
put
my
book
in the suitcase
so if it begins with the preposition n
is the preposition the suitcase is the
noun and so this entire phrase in the
suitcase is a prepositional
phrase another
example uh can you think of one um it's
uh another way we use to be more
descriptive in our in our speech and in
our
writing I took
notes during the
lecture maybe you went to a lecture
on some place that you travel to during
the
lecture
during the
lecture is the prepositional
phrase
um during is is a little bit harder to
understand because it's a it's not um a
spatial idea
uh but it is a time um concept so during
the
lecture during is is a
preposition so that's just a
brief
explanation of prepositional phrases so
I I hope that helps you identify them
when you see them in writing or
speaking well our eighth part of speech
in English is
interjections so interjections are used
to express strong emotions right this
person's mad really sad or really happy
um strong emotions for example
rats I hurt my
foot or great work we
won or excuse me I need to catch my
plane so they're expressing intense
emotions another uh group of words that
fall under the category of interjections
might be a
ham uh meaning I want to speak now or
good grief kind of
frustration or even bless you um after
you sneeze um or sometimes we say bingo
meaning you got it right
Bingo um so these are just words that
are used to express strong emotions ions
and I want to interject
congratulations you've just finished the
video that talks about the eight parts
of speech in the English
language good job I want to thank you
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